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Vascular Anomalies Center
Lymphatic Malformation
We specialize in the big things, the small things and everything in between.
What is a lymphatic malformation?
Lymphatic malformations affect the lymphatic system, a group of organs, vessels and tissues that make up parts of the immune and circulatory systems. This condition causes clusters of fluid-filled sacs or cysts to form on the head, neck, armpits or groin.
Lymphatic malformations can be seen before or at birth or become noticeable during childhood. While not cancerous, they can grow and sometimes lead to health issues if they press on surrounding tissues or organs. Without proper monitoring or treatment, lymphatic malformations can cause trouble breathing, swallowing, or if near the eye, seeing.
Most growths occur in one location, but sometimes multiple lymphatic malformations can grow in various areas of the body, including the bones and spleen.
What are the types of lymphatic malformations?
When receiving a diagnosis for lymphatic malformation, they are typically classified into three main types:
- Microcystic lymphatic malformations: Small, sponge-like vessels and tiny cysts that often appear as clusters of fluid-filled spaces within tissues
- Macrocystic lymphatic malformations: Also known as cystic hygromas or lymphangiomas, these contain larger vessels and cysts filled with lymph fluid, blood from internal bleeding or both
- Mixed lymphatic malformations: A combination of both microcystic and macrocystic, these malformations have characteristics of both types and can vary in size and look
What causes lymphatic malformations?
Lymphatic malformations are a condition present at birth, meaning they develop in the lymphatic system before a baby is born. Although adults can have lymphatic malformations, they are usually there from infancy. The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it is believed to result from abnormal development of the lymph vessels.
Watch the videos below to learn about the lymphatic system and lymphatic malformations.
Who gets lymphatic malformations?
Lymphatic malformations occur randomly. In general, most lymphatic malformations aren’t inherited (passed down) from parents but they can be in rare cases.
What are the signs and symptoms of a lymphatic malformation?
Lymphatic malformations are raised lumps on soft skin that may appear blue or transparent. The lumps are usually painless but may grow because of internal bleeding or infection, which can cause pain. It’s important to have a doctor examine any signs of a lymphatic malformation thoroughly because they can resemble other growths. Some lymphatic malformations look like small blisters on the surface of the skin that can leak or bleed and be uncomfortable.
How do we treat lymphatic malformation?
The treatment options for lymphatic malformation depend on its size, location and symptoms, but can include:
- Sclerotherapy: This is a minimally invasive procedure where your child’s doctor injects medicine to shrink the cysts.
- Surgery: We sometimes recommend surgery to remove large or problematic lymphatic malformations.
- Medication: Some medications help control symptoms or prevent growth. This includes sirolimus (an MTOR-inhibitor) and alpelisib (a PIK3CA-inhibitor).
Each child’s treatment and timeline are different. Follow-up care is crucial to monitor for re-growth of the lymphatic malformation.
Our team will review your child’s information before meeting with you, so your visit is as efficient as possible. We also make visits more convenient by coordinating the care of patients who must travel long distances to come to our clinic because treating more severe types of malformations like generalized lymphatic anomalies can involve appointments with several different specialists.
Why choose us to treat lymphatic malformation
At Children’s Hospital Colorado, the specialists in our Vascular Anomalies Center are experts in diagnosing and treating children with lymphatic malformations. As the only multidisciplinary vascular anomalies program for infants, children, teenagers and adults in the Rocky Mountain region, our clinic focuses solely on caring for these complex conditions. This also allows your child to see all the specialists they need in one visit.
Here, our experts create an individualized care plan using the latest diagnostic tests and treatment methods. With our child-centered approach and commitment to great outcomes, your child will receive the best and most comprehensive lymphatic malformation treatment we can provide.
- National Organization for Rare Disorders: NORD strives to help people with rare disorders live their fullest lives by advancing research, care and driving policy to uplift the community.
- Lymphatic Education and Research Network: Works to fight lymphatic diseases through education, advocacy and research and seeks to increase prevention, treatments and cures for lymphatic diseases.
- International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies: An organization of specialists that promotes high standards of care by advancing clinical and scientific knowledge for people with vascular anomalies
Will my child’s lymphatic malformation grow?
Lymphatic malformations can grow, especially during childhood or if they become infected. Regular check-ups help monitor growth and manage any changes.
Is treatment always necessary?
Not always. If the malformation isn’t causing symptoms or affecting nearby areas, it may only need monitoring. Treatment addresses functional or cosmetic concerns.
Can the malformation return after treatment?
There is a chance of recurrence, especially if treatment didn’t remove all the malformation. Follow-up care helps manage this possibility.
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